Article Figures & Data
Tables
Number of Recipes Identified to Date Containing the Ingredient in Question Ambergris 13 Camphor 27 Confitum 34 Cozumber 29 Galangal 27 Musk 35 Zedoary 18 Ingredients Newly Recorded Known in Classical and Late Antique Medical Recipes Manuscript Manuscript Date If Recipe Was Added, Date of Addition Recipe Title Ambergris Camphor Confitum Cozumber Musk Agarwood Cinnamon Cloves Frankincense Galingale Mastic Myrrh Saffron Spikenard Storax Sweetflag 1 Cambridge, CCCC, MS 223 s. IX3/4 s. IX3-4/4 Confectio timiamatis X X X X X X X X X X 2 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (a) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Timiama X X X X X X X X X X 3 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (b) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Tymiamam X X X X X 4 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (c) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Item alia X X X X X X X X X 5 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (d) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Alia X X X X X X X X 6 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (e) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Confectio timiamatis adgragantum X X X X X X X X X X X 7 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (f) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X [untitled] X X X X X X X X X 8 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (g) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X [untitled] X X X X X X X X X X 9 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (h) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Confectio timiamatis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 10 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (i) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Item timiamatis confectio X X X X X X X X X X X 11 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (j) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Item X X X X X X X X X X 12 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (k) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Item X X X X X 13 Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 (l) s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Confectio timiama X X X X X X X X 14 Paris, BnF, nouv. acq. lat. 203 s. VIII/IX Incensum thimiamatis X X X X X 15 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 44 s. IX2/2 Confectio timiame X X X X X X X X X X X X 16 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 752 s. IX2/2 Thymiama Paltgrimi X X X X X 17 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 761 s. IX1/2 Thimiama X X X X X X 18 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 878 (a) s. IX2/4 s. IX2/4 (untitled) X X X X X X X 19 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 878 (b) s. IX2/4 s. IX2/4 Item aliter X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 20 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 899 (a) s. IXex s. X Confectio timiamatis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 21 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 899 (b) s. IXex s. X Item alia timiamatis confectio X X X X X X X X X X 22 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 899 (c) s. IXex s. X Item alia X X X X X X X X X X Number of recipes with the ingredient in question 10 20 21 21 20 22 14 15 18 3 4 4 6 11 17 1 Percentage of recipes containing the ingredient in question 45% 91% 95% 95% 91% 100% 64% 68% 82% 14% 18% 18% 27% 50% 77% 5% Manuscript Manuscript Date If Recipe Was Added, Date of Addition Recipe Title Galangal Zedoary Other Newly Recorded Ingredients Additional Comments Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. Phill. 1790 s. IX2-4/4 Item ad caucu vel ilio colo et proclusione visice X Bern, Burgerbibliothek, cod. 109 s. IX3/3 s. IXex/s. Xin Pulvera ad omnia venena resistenda X Zedoary is explained (“venium, id est zaduar”); this recipe has a parallel in Paris, BnF, lat. 2373 and Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf 56. 18. Aug. 8°. Florence, Biblioteca Ricciardiana, MS 256 s. IX3/4 s. IXex/s. Xin Serapion lactuarium quod diatymon X X Glasgow, University Library, Hunter 96 s. VIIIex/s. IXin Collirio X Camphor Glasgow, University Library, Hunter 96 s. VIIIex/s. IXin Item aliam (Ad ilium dolorem) X Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 s. X2/4 Electarium Galieni ad omnem frigiditatem corporis X Laon, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 199 s. X2/4 s. X Potio pigmentaria ad omnes infirmitates X X Paris, BnF, Lat. 2373 s. X3/4 s. IX2/2 Pulvera ad omnia venena resistenda X Zedoary is explained (“venium, id est zaduar”); this recipe has a parallel in Bern, Burgerbibliothek, cod. 109 and Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf 56. 18. Aug. 8°. Paris BnF lat. 4627 s. X2/4 (untitled) X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diarodes Iulii X X Ambergris, musk Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium quod fecit Galienus X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium optimum X X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diacameron X X Musk This recipe is similar, but not identical, to “Elactuarium diadecameron” in Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664. Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diacalamentis X X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium dipsnia X X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diabutirum X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium utilissimum X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium optimum calidum X Confitum Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium optimum quod utebatur Constantinus filius Constantini imperatoris qui sanctus Silvester baptizavit X X Musk Paris, BnF, lat 11218 s. VIIIex/s. IXin s. IX Pocio mirabilis contra omnes infirmitates X Paris, BnF, lat 11218 s. VIIIex/s. IXin s. IX/s. X (titled faded) X Paris, BnF, lat 11219 s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Pulvera ad epaticos X Paris, BnF, lat 11219 s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Potio ad carbunculum X Paris, BnF, lat 11219 s. IXmid s. IXex/s. X Ad eos qui urinam facere non possunt X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 217 s. IXin Ad gutta spargendum X Note: this might look like the same as the other recipe in 217, but it is actually quite different; this one, found in the chapter on “herba austrelogia” (birthwort), reads: “Ad gutta spargendum. Herba austrelocia pulvere facis, bagas similiter, reopontico et gingiber et galengar. Piper et mel quod sufficit. Uno corpore miscis. Cottidie cum cucilare gluciat aut medium staupum bibat. Gutta adspargit, dolores, tollit, aut solucionem facit.” St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 217 s. IXin Ad gutta spargenda X Note: this might look like the same as the other recipe in 217, but it is actually quite different; this one, found in the chapter on “herba pulogonis” (knotgrass), reads: “Ad gutta spargenda. Herba puligonis teris cum vino et piper et galingar. Dabis ei bibere. Gutta adspargit mirificet.” Stockholm, Kungliga Biblioteket, MS A 136 876-7 s. IX4/4/s. X1/2 Potio probatissima ad omnem guttam X X Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. X3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Electuarium diadecameron X X Musk This recipe is similar, but not identical, to “Elactuarium diacameron” in Paris, BnF, Lat. 7028. Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. X3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Antidotum magnificum X X Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. X3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Diamargariton pulvis X X Ambergris, musk Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf 56. 18. Aug. 8° s. IXmid s. IXmid/s. IX2/2 Pulvera ad omnia venena X This recipe has a parallel in Bern, Burgerbibliothek, cod. 109 and Paris, BnF, lat. 2373 (this version is more “streamlined” and includes less extra information, such as the explanation of zedoary). Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek, M. p. th. f. 146 s. IXin s. Xex/s. XIin Pulvis contra omnes febres et contra omnia venena et omnium serpentium morsus et contra omnes angustias cordis et corporis X X Number of recipes 27 18 - Table 4.
References to the Newly Recorded Materia Medica Associated with Incense Recipes Found in Other Types of Recipes
Newly Recorded Materia Medica Associated with Incense Recipes Newly Recorded Materia Medica NOT Associated with Incense Recipes Manuscript Manuscript Date If Recipe Was Added, Date of Addition Recipe Title Additional Comments Ambergris Camphor Confitum Cozumber Musk and/or musk oil Galangal Zedoary Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc.Med.1 s. VIIIex/s. IXin Medicamen ad maculas oculorum et ad caliginem X Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc.Med.1 s. VIIIex/s. IXin Potio ad idem X Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. Phill. 1790 s. IX2-4/4 Item ad potum (Ad lumbricos) X Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 29(878) s. X s. X2/2 Item (Ad paralisin) X Cozumber is explained as incense (“kozumbrium, id est thimiama”) and used alongside Christian rituals. Glasgow, University Library, Hunter 96 s. VIIIex/s. IXin Collirio X X Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 s. X2/4 Potio ad omnem infirmum X This recipe has a parallel in Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088 and possibly Vatican City, BAV, vat. lat. 5951. Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 s. X2/4 Pannum quod invenit Gaidemari referendarius X X Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 s. X2/4 Unguentum marciatum X X Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 s. X2/4 Unguentum marciatum aliter X London, BL, Harley MS 5792 s. VIII s. VIII Unguentum provatissimum X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin (missing title) X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin (title unclear) X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Emplastrum apostolicon X The following ingredient in the recipe, sugia, may represent sugar, another newly introduced ingredient, though one not under consideration in the present study since it appears even less frequently. Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Emplastrum communis X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diapraxium magnum X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diarodes Iulii X X X X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium diacameron X X X This recipe is similar, but not identical, to “Elactuarium diadecameron” in Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664. Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium optimum calidum X X Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 s. Xex/s. XIin Elactuarium optimum quod utebatur Constantinus filius Constantini imperatoris qui sanctis Silvester baptizavit X X X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 44 s. IX2/2 Confectio saponi Constantini X X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 44 s. IX2/2 Item alia (Potio maniacis sive gutta cativa) X X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 217 s. IXin Ad demonio suscitando X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 751 s. IX1/2 Trociscos anoterricos X Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. IX3/4 s. X2/2/s. XI1/2 Diasatirion optimum X Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. IX3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Pocio ad guttam cadiam X X Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. IX3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Electuarium diadecameron X X X This recipe is similar, but not identical, to “Elactuarium diadecameron” in Paris, BnF, lat. 7028. Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. IX3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Unguentum optimum X X Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. IX3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Epithima poliarce magna X X Both musk and musk oil are named in the recipe. Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 s. IX3/4 s. IXex/s. X1/2 Diamargariton pulvis X X X X Note on dating: the quire in which this recipe is found (covering pp. 85-100) represents an addition: it was inserted into the main manuscript and is written in a slightly later hand. Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088 s. XImid/s. IX3/4 s. X Medicamentum ad maculas oculorum et ad caliginem X Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088 s. XImid/s. IX3/4 Potio ad omnem infirmum X This recipe has a parallel in Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 and possibly Vatican City, BAV, vat. lat. 5951. Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088 s. XImid/s. IX3/4 Antidotum ad omnes demoniacos vel umbras seu epilempticos vel lunaticos vel qui expavescunt et tremescunt X Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088 s. XImid/s. IX3/4 s. X Antidotum gira deacoloquintidis X This recipe has a parallel in Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 56.18 Aug. 8°. Vatican City, BAV, reg. lat. 1143 s. IX1/2 Ciraturiu artriticus opotatricus a parlasensis X Vatican City, BAV, vat. lat. 5951 s. IX1/4 s. X Potio muscata ad omnem infirumum X This recipe may have parallels in Karlsruhe, BLB, Aug. perg. 120 and Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088, but it is too fragmented to be certain. Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 56. 18 Aug. 8° s. IXmid s. IXmid/s. IX2/2 Antidotum gira diacoloquintidis X This recipe has a parallel in Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088. Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka, cod. III. F. 19 s. IX1/3 Antidotum Paulinum X Number of recipes 3 7 13 8 15 7 5 List of Manuscripts Consulted
Shelfmark Newly Recorded Ingredients Present Angers, BM, MS 275 Angers, BM, MS 477 Arras, BM, MS 569 Arras, BM, MS 636 Autun, BM, MS S37 Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc. Med. 1 X Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc. Med. 2 Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, MS F III 15a Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. Phill. 1790 X Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS A 92.24 Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 109 X Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 224 Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 318 Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, MS 5413-5422 Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, MS 5649-67 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 223 X El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo, MS L.III.8 El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo, MS O.III.1 Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 29(878) X Erfurt, Bibliotheca Amploniana, MS 4 90 Florence, Biblioteca Ricciardiana, MS 256 X Glasgow, University Library, Hunter 96 X Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, MS Memb. I 17 Karlsruhe, BLB, MS Aug. perg. 94 Karlsruhe, BLB, MS Aug. perg. 120 X Karlsruhe, BLB, MS Aug. perg. 172 Laon, BM, MS 199 X Laon, BM, MS 426bis Leiden, Bibliothek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS VLF 74 Leiden, Bibliothek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS VLF 79 Leiden, Bibliothek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS VGQ 7 London, BL, MS Add. 19725 London, BL, MS Add. 22398 London, BL, MS Harley 3091 London, BL, MS Harley 5792 X Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D 30 inf. Montpellier, BUH, MS 362 Orléans, BM, MS 182 (159) Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 124 Paris, Bibliothèque Mazarine, MS 512 Paris, BnF, lat. 2373 X Paris, BnF, lat. 2796 Paris, BnF, lat. 2849A Paris, BnF, lat. 2858 Paris, BnF, lat. 3877 Paris, BnF, lat. 4404 Paris, BnF, lat. 4414 Paris, BnF, lat. 4627 X Paris, BnF, lat. 4628 Paris, BnF, lat. 4697 Paris, BnF, lat. 5543 Paris, BnF, lat. 6400B Paris, BnF, lat. 6862 Paris, BnF, lat. 6882A Paris, BnF, lat. 7021 Paris, BnF, lat. 7028 X Paris, BnF, lat. 7670 Paris, BnF, lat. 9332 Paris, BnF, lat. 11218 X Paris, BnF, lat. 11219 X Paris, BnF, lat. 11379 Paris, BnF, lat. 11561 Paris, BnF, lat. 13028 Paris, BnF, lat. 13955 Paris, BnF, nouv. acq. lat. 203 X Reims, BM, MS 438 Rouen, BM, MS 496 (A 205) St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 44 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 217 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 397 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 550 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 751 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 752 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 759 St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 761 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 878 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 899 X St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, cod. sang. 1396 Stockholm, Kungliga Biblioteket, MS A 136 X Trier, Stadtbibliothek, MS 1245/597 8° Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket, C 664 X Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 187 Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 973 Vatican City, BAV, pal. lat. 1088 X Vatican City, BAV, reg. lat. 598 Vatican City, BAV, reg. lat. 1000a Vatican City, BAV, reg. lat. 1023 Vatican City, BAV, reg. lat. 1143 X Vatican City, BAV, vat. lat. 645 Vatican City, BAV, vat. lat. 5951 X Vatican City, BAV, vat. lat. 11506 Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS XVII (15) Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS XC (85) Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 56. 18 Aug. 8° X Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka, cod. III. F. 19 X Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek, M. p. th. f. 46 Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek, M. p. th. f. 146 X
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