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Research ArticleVisual Pharmacy
Open Access

Historical Pharmacopeias

Mackenzie Cooley and Daniel Lord Smail
History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, May 2025, 66 (2) 257-274; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/hopp.66.2.257
Mackenzie Cooley
Mackenzie Cooley is an Associate Professor of History and Director of Latin American and Latine Studies at Hamilton College
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Daniel Lord Smail
Daniel Lord Smail is the Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of History at Harvard University
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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    Figure 1.

    The Pharmacy lunette, a scene of medieval life in the Castello di Issogne in the Valle d’Aosta. Photo by Daniel Smail. Image used with permission from the Regione Valle d’Aosta.

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    Detail of the accountant, or recordkeeper, writing numbers with quill and ink. A figure like this individual likely wrote many of the functional pharmacopeias in the Historical Pharmacopeias data set. The Pharmacy of Castello di Issogne lunette. Photo by Daniel Smail. Image used with permission from the Regione Valle d’Aosta.

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    Figure 3.

    Detail of the grinder, preparing medicaments with a large mortar and pestle. The Pharmacy of Castello di Issogne lunette. Photo by Daniel Smail. Image used with permission from the Regione Valle d’Aosta.

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    Figure 4.

    The pharmacists and the scales. Note the ex-voto hand hanging from the strings toward the top of the lunette. The Pharmacy of Castello di Issogne lunette. Photo by Daniel Smail. Image used with permission from the Regione Valle d’Aosta.

  • Figure 5.
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    Figure 5.

    “Aq.a bugolose” along with other waters. The Pharmacy of Castello di Issogne lunette. Photo by Daniel Smail. Image used with permission from the Regione Valle d’Aosta.

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    Figure 6.

    The “Workflow” page for the Documentary Archaeology of Late Medieval Europe project. In the Historical Pharmacopeias project, we used these methods to collect, catalog, transcribe, annotate, and parse functional and reference pharmacopeias.

  • Figure 7.
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    Figure 7.

    A detailed inventory from Mathieu Roux’s apothecary shop displayed on the Historical Pharmacopeias website, https://dalme.org/collections/historical-pharmacopeias/records/2baa782e-0276-4452-b19e-23eb3491a9bf/2r/ (accessed September 21, 2024).

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    Figure 8.

    Nuovo Receptario Fiorentino (Firenze: Compagnia del Drago, 1498/9), title page and lists of substances with bodily effects, including precious gems, fats, milks, metals, and soils.

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    Figure 9.

    Making supralinguistic connections, or Devil’s dung and asafoetida in Marseille. Jean-Pierre Bénézet and Claire Allen, “Inventory of the Shop of Gabriellus Maurelli,” in The Documentary Archaeology of Late Medieval Europe, edited by Daniel Lord Smail, Gabriel H. Pizzorno, and Laura Morreale (DALME, n.d.), https://purl.dalme.org/df72f143-dba4-4037-822a-66dfb7dafa3a/ (accessed September 21, 2024), fol. 115v.

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    Figure 10.

    Peering into the Museum of Science and Technology’s Rothschild Apothecary Shop, Syracuse, New York. Student researchers Lara Barreira and Jack O’Brien are taking photos of the collection to develop in visual catalog of the medicaments. Photo by Mackenzie Cooley.

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History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals: 66 (2)
History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals
Vol. 66, Issue 2
1 May 2025
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Historical Pharmacopeias
Mackenzie Cooley, Daniel Lord Smail
History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals May 2025, 66 (2) 257-274; DOI: 10.3368/hopp.66.2.257

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Historical Pharmacopeias
Mackenzie Cooley, Daniel Lord Smail
History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals May 2025, 66 (2) 257-274; DOI: 10.3368/hopp.66.2.257
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